{"product_id":"mutual-aid-paperback","title":"Mutual Aid - Paperback","description":"\u003cp\u003eby \u003cb\u003eAndrea Gouveia\u003c\/b\u003e (Editor), \u003cb\u003eAndrea Gouveia\u003c\/b\u003e (Translator), \u003cb\u003eP. Kropotkin\u003c\/b\u003e (Author)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution is a 1902 essay collection by Russian anarchist philosopher Peter Kropotkin. The essays, initially published in the English periodical The Nineteenth Century between 1890 and 1896, explore the role of mutually-beneficial cooperation and reciprocity (or \"mutual aid\") in the animal kingdom and human societies both past and present. It is an argument against the competition-centred theories of so-called social Darwinism, as well as the romantic depictions of cooperation presented by writers such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau, who argued it was motivated by universal love rather than self-interest. Mutual Aid is considered a fundamental text in anarchist communism, presenting a scientific basis for communism alternative to the historical materialism of the Marxists. Many biologists also consider it an important catalyst in the scientific study of cooperation.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNumber of Pages:\u003c\/strong\u003e 150\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDimensions:\u003c\/strong\u003e 0.32 x 10 x 7 IN\u003c\/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePublication Date:\u003c\/strong\u003e May 17, 2017\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Books by splitShops","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":42714951811135,"sku":"9781546749592","price":16.5,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0105\/8226\/1823\/files\/a808d27363e4a443ae180bbf03a74d78.webp?v=1765069803","url":"https:\/\/dhlswag.com\/products\/mutual-aid-paperback","provider":"BBB","version":"1.0","type":"link"}